Modismos de distrés: significado cultural y clínico en poblaciones latinoamericanas
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El enfoque sociocultural de todo tipo de psicopatologías ha ampliado indudablemente sus alcances a nivel global en las últimas tres o cuatro décadas (Bhugra y Bhui, 2007; Alarcón, 2019). La evidencia se percibe claramente en la descripción y narrativa clínica, el enfoque nosológico, búsqueda y elaboraciones diagnósticas y manejo terapéutico (Herschell et al., 2010; Morgan y Bhugra, 2010; Hansen et al., 2013; Truong et al., 2014). Desde la perspectiva teórico-didáctica, el desarrollo de la psiquiatría social, psiquiatría cultural y de una creciente variedad de tópicos y sub-tópicos refleja consistentemente el progreso epistemológico de este enfoque. Autores de diversas regiones y continentes coinciden en señalar el rol decisivo que juega la Globalización como indetenible fenómeno social reforzado por migraciones masivas y avances tecnológicos en campos de comunicación, información, transacciones de todo tipo, intercambios y vínculos de naturaleza diversa y compleja (Kelly, 2003; Bhattacharya et al., 2010; Collins et al., 2011; Patel et al., 2016). La cultura puede mantener cierta unidad dialéctica y conceptual que posibilita un nivel de vigencia universal, pero también es innegable que, en su papel repositorio de factores o expresiones que confieren distintividad, consistencia y dinamismo a la actividad cuotidiana de individuos y comunidades a lo largo del tiempo y de su historia, configura también identidades individuales y sociales que cambian al paso de las generaciones (Baumeister, 1986; Schwartz et al., 2011).
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